5,313 research outputs found
Site amplification, attenuation, and scattering from noise correlation amplitudes across a dense array in Long Beach, CA
For accurate seismic hazard evaluation, both the spatial and frequency-dependent variabilities in the amplitudes of earthquake ground motions are needed. While this information is rarely fully available due to the paucity of relevant seismic data, dense arrays like the 5200-geophone array in Long Beach, California provide the opportunity to study this amplitude variability. Here we show that ambient noise correlation amplitudes from the Long Beach array can be used to directly determine frequency-dependent site amplification factors. We analyze Rayleigh-wavefield amplitude gradients from ambient noise correlations that are processed so that relative amplitudes satisfy the wave equation and are therefore meaningful. Ultimately, we construct maps of site amplification across Long Beach at frequencies of 0.67, 1.0, and 2.0 Hz. These maps correlate well with local structure, notably the Newport-Inglewood Fault and also to known velocity structure. Through this process, we also obtain constraints on average attenuation structure and local scattering
Asphaltene detection using Surface Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS)
Peer reviewedPostprin
Characterisation of Float Rocks at Ireson Hill, Gale Crater
Float rocks discovered by surface missions on Mars have given unique insights into the sedimentary, diagenetic and igneous processes that have operated throughout the planets history. In addition, Gale sedimentary rocks, both float and in situ, record a combination of source compositions and diagenetic overprints. We examine a group of float rocks that were identified by the Mars Science Laboratory missions Curiosity rover at the Ireson Hill site, circa. sol 1600 using ChemCam LIBS, APXS and images from the MastCam, Mars Hand Lens Imager (MAHLI) and ChemCam Remote Micro-Imager (RMI) cameras. Geochemical data provided by the APXS and ChemCam instruments allow us to compare the compositions of these rocks to known rock types from Gale crater, as well as elsewhere on Mars. Ireson Hill is a 15 m long butte in the Murray formation with a dark cap-ping unit with chemical and stratigraphic consistency with the Stimson formation. A total of 6 float rocks have been studied on the butte
Two-dimensional photonic crystal polarizer
A novel polarizer made from two-dimensional photonic bandgap materials was
demonstrated theoretically. This polarizer is fundamentally different from the
conventinal ones. It can function in a wide frequency range with high
performance and the size can be made very compact, which renders it useful as a
micropolarizer in microoptics.Comment: 8 pages, RevTex, 4 figure
Global Alfven Eigenmodes in the H-1 heliac
Recent upgrades in H-1 power supplies have enabled the operation of the H-1
experiment at higher heating powers than previously attainable. A heating power
scan in mixed hydrogen/helium plasmas reveals a change in mode activity with
increasing heating power. At low power (<50 kW) modes with beta-induced Alfven
eigenmode (BAE) frequency scaling are observed. At higher power modes
consistent with an analysis of nonconventional Global Alfven Eigenmodes (GAEs)
are observed, the subject of this work. We have computed the mode continuum,
and identified GAE structures using the ideal MHD solver CKA and the
gyrokinetic code EUTERPE. An analytic model for ICRH-heated minority ions is
used to estimate the fast ion temperature from the hydrogen species. Linear
growth rate scans using a local flux surface stability calculation, LGRO, are
performed. These studies demonstrate growth from circulating particles whose
speed is significantly less than the Alfven speed, and are resonant with the
mode through harmonics of the Fourier decomposition of the strongly-shaped
heliac magnetic field. They reveal drive is possible with a small, hot
energetic tail of the hydrogen species. Local linear growth rate scans are also
complemented with global calculations from CKA and EUTERPE. These qualitatively
confirm the findings from the LGRO study, and show that the inclusion of finite
Larmor radius effects can reduce the growth rate by a factor of three, but do
not affect marginal stability. Finally, a study of damping of the global mode
with the thermal plasma is conducted, computing continuum, and the damping
arising from parallel electric fields. We find that continuum damping is of
order 0.1% for the configuration studied. The inclusion of resistivity lifts
the damping to 19%. Such large damping is consistent with experimental
observations that in absence of drive the mode decays rapidly (~0.1 ms).Comment: 18 pages, 15 figures, submitted 07/04/2017 to Plasma Physics and
Controlled Fusio
Vibrational Stability of NLC Linac and Final Focus Components
Vertical vibration of linac components (accelerating structures, girders and
quadrupoles) in the NLC has been studied experimentally and analytically.
Effects such as structural resonances and vibration caused by cooling water
both in accelerating structures and quadrupoles have been considered.
Experimental data has been compared with analytical predictions and simulations
using ANSYS. A design, incorporating the proper decoupling of structure
vibrations from the linac quadrupoles, is being pursued.Comment: 3 pages, 8 figures presented at the LINAC 2002 conference, Gyeongju
Kore
Frictional sliding without geometrical reflection symmetry
The dynamics of frictional interfaces play an important role in many physical
systems spanning a broad range of scales. It is well-known that frictional
interfaces separating two dissimilar materials couple interfacial slip and
normal stress variations, a coupling that has major implications on their
stability, failure mechanism and rupture directionality. In contrast,
interfaces separating identical materials are traditionally assumed not to
feature such a coupling due to symmetry considerations. We show, combining
theory and experiments, that interfaces which separate bodies made of
macroscopically identical materials, but lack geometrical reflection symmetry,
generically feature such a coupling. We discuss two applications of this novel
feature. First, we show that it accounts for a distinct, and previously
unexplained, experimentally observed weakening effect in frictional cracks.
Second, we demonstrate that it can destabilize frictional sliding which is
otherwise stable. The emerging framework is expected to find applications in a
broad range of systems.Comment: 14 pages, 5 figures + Supplementary Material. Minor change in the
title, extended analysis in the second par
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